<text><span class="style23">Describes the processorΓÇÖs ability to read or write to its internal </span><span class="style41">caches</span><span class="style23"> without delay. Slower memory requires the processor to wait until their speeds have synchronized. </span></text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>14</id>
<text>Zero-wait state</text>
</content>
<name>Zero-wait state</name>
<script></script>
</card>
card_3405.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
<text><span class="style23">Memory space that is separate from the main memory (physical </span><span class="style41">RAM</span><span class="style23">) and is instead located in auxiliary memory media (usually disks). The ability of a system to address virtual memory space is important for </span><span class="style41">multitasking</span><span class="style23"> operating systems and applications too large to be handled in memory alone. </span></text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>14</id>
<text>Virtual memory</text>
</content>
<name>Virtual memory</name>
<script></script>
</card>
card_26930.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
<text><span class="style23"></span><span class="style40"><a href="#" class="group">Random-access memor</a></span><span class="style36"><a href="#" class="group">y</a></span><span class="style23"> dedicated to video processing stores an exact </span><span class="style41">pixel</span><span class="style23">-map representation of the current state of the display. To prevent the image form fading or flickering on the screen, the display must refresh completely every 1/67th of a second (minimum speed to avoid flicker). Storing the image in VRAM allows the circuitry which generates the </span><span class="style41">analog</span><span class="style23"> signal to the monitor to have constant, regular access to the pixel map.The key difference between regular RAM and VRAM is that VRAM is dual-ported. This allows the main processor and analog display circuitry to have simultaneous access to the pixel map.</span></text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>14</id>
<text>Video random access memory (VRAM)</text>
</content>
<name>Video random access memory (VRAM)</name>
<script></script>
</card>
card_20367.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
<text><span class="style23">A standard </span><span class="style41">port</span><span class="style23"> on the back panel of some modular Macintosh computers with three or fewer </span><span class="style40"><a href="#" class="group">expansion slots</a></span><span class="style23">. The port allows a video monitor to be connected directly to the computer instead of a monitor </span><span class="style35">interface</span><span class="style23"> card. The </span><span class="style40"><a href="#" class="group">main logic board</a></span><span class="style23"> of these Macintosh computers and the </span><span class="style40"><a href="#" class="group">operating system</a></span><span class="style23"> support a variety of color and monochrome monitors with a wide range of </span><span class="style41">resolution</span><span class="style23"> and up to 256 colors or shades of gray.The video output port accepts a DB-15 connector.</span></text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>14</id>
<text>Video output port</text>
</content>
<name>Video output port</name>
<script></script>
</card>
card_10765.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
<text><span class="style23">The IBM Video Graphics Adapter standard offers 18-</span><span class="style41">bit</span><span class="style23"> graphic support and provides two main display modes: ΓÇó 640 x 480 </span><span class="style41">pixels</span><span class="style23"> in 16 colors (used for </span><span class="style40"><a href="#" class="group">MS-DOS</a></span><span class="style23">, </span><span class="style41">Windows</span><span class="style23"> and Presentation Manager)ΓÇó 320 x 200 pixels in 256 colors Only the first mode offers enough </span><span class="style41">resolution</span><span class="style23"> to adequately drive a graphics-oriented user interface. VGA is compatible with older IBM display standards such as MGA, CGA and EGA.</span></text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>14</id>
<text>Video Graphics Adapter (VGA)</text>
</content>
<name>Video Graphics Adapter (VGA)</name>
<script></script>
</card>
card_10489.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
<text><span class="style23">A standard </span><span class="style40"><a href="#" class="group">operating system</a></span><span class="style23"> available on a wide range of computer platforms, from large-scale Crays to personal computer systems. UNIX applications frequently provide </span><span class="style40"><a href="#" class="group">multi-user</a></span><span class="style23"> and </span><span class="style41">multitasking</span><span class="style23"> operations. Because many UNIX applications are written in ΓÇ£CΓÇ¥ programming code, they can be transferred to other computers using UNIX systems. AppleΓÇÿs </span><span class="style40"><a href="#" class="group">A/UX</a></span><span class="style23"> system is compatible with other UNIX systems and with the Macintosh operating system.</span></text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>14</id>
<text>UNIX</text>
</content>
<name>UNIX</name>
<script></script>
</card>
card_12578.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
<text><span class="style24"></span><span class="style23">A </span><span class="style40"><a href="#" class="group">local area network</a></span><span class="style23"> in which the cables are connected in a circle and transmissions are controlled by passing a token frame to each device on the network. A frame is a series of </span><span class="style41">bits</span><span class="style23"> containing network usage information. This network system is generally used by IBM PC and compatible computers. Macintosh computers can be connected to a Token Ring network with the appropriate </span><span class="style40"><a href="#" class="group">expansion card</a></span><span class="style23">.</span></text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>14</id>
<text>Token Ring Network</text>
</content>
<name>Token Ring Network</name>
<script></script>
</card>
card_10237.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
<text><span class="style23">Allows connection of stereo headphones or self-powered speakers using a standard stereo mini-plug. When the sound port is in use, the internal speaker is disabled.Stereo sound output is provided by the </span><span class="style40"><a href="#" class="group">Apple Sound Chips (ASCs)</a></span><span class="style23"> on the </span><span class="style40"><a href="#" class="group">main logic board</a></span><span class="style23">. The ASCs support four-voice, waveform synthesis and stereo sampling, and are compatible with all applications that use Macintosh sound resources.Both right and left channels provide a 1.5-volt peak-to-peak audio signal.</span></text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>14</id>
<text>Sound output port</text>
</content>
<name>Sound output port</name>
<script></script>
</card>
card_19433.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
<text><span class="style23">Allows connection of a microphone or stereo adapter jack for the purpose of recording monotone sounds, with 8-bit </span><span class="style41">resolution</span><span class="style23">. Macintosh computers with a sound input </span><span class="style41">port</span><span class="style23"> have only one </span><span class="style40"><a href="#" class="group">Apple Desktop Bus</a></span><span class="style23"> port instead of the usual two, and come with an </span><span class="style40"><a href="#" class="group">Electret microphone</a></span><span class="style23"> and an adapter with two RCA connectors. Other commercially available microphones also may be used. The port provides microphone power of +8 volts ┬▒5% at 1 milliamp. The sound input signal is 1.6K ohm ┬▒10% impedance with a 4-millivolt maximum signal without clipping.</span></text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>14</id>
<text>Sound input port</text>
</content>
<name>Sound input port</name>
<script></script>
</card>
card_9743.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
<text><span class="style23">Single Inline Memory Modules (SIMMs) are small memory </span><span class="style40"><a href="#" class="group">expansion cards</a></span><span class="style23"> that plug into connectors on the </span><span class="style40"><a href="#" class="group">main logic board</a></span><span class="style23">, called SIMM sockets. The </span><span class="style41">DRAM</span><span class="style23"> speed and SIMM connectors for modular Macintosh computers have the following differences.Macintosh DRAM speed SIMM connector Macintosh DRAM speed SIMM connectorIIfx, standard  80nS or faster    64-pin IIsi 100nS or faster 30-pin parity      60nS or faster    64-pin IIcx 120nS or faster 30-pinIIci, standard 80nS or faster 30-pin IIx 120nS or faster 30-pin parity 80nS or faster 30-pin</span></text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>14</id>
<text>Single Inline Memory Modules (SIMMs)</text>
</content>
<name>Single Inline Memory Modules (SIMMs)</name>
<script></script>
</card>
card_23758.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
<text><span class="style23">A communications connector on the back panel of Macintosh computers. This port is commonly referred to as the </span><span class="style40"><a href="#" class="group">Modem port</a></span><span class="style23">.</span></text>
<text><span class="style23">The Small Computer Systems Interface (SCSI ΓÇô prounounced scuzzy) is an industry standard specification for data transfer between computer devices developed by the American National Standard Institute (ANSI). The SCSI </span><span class="style41">port</span><span class="style23"> on Macintosh computers provides high-speed data transfer for hard disk, tape backup, and CD-ROM drives, scanners, and other devices.Users may connect up to seven external SCSI devices (six if the computer contains an internal hard drive) to the SCSI port by ΓÇ£</span><span class="style40"><a href="#" class="group">daisy-chaining</a></span><span class="style23">ΓÇ¥ the devices. The SCSI port accepts a DB-25 connector.</span></text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>14</id>
<text>Small Computer System Interface (SCSI)</text>
</content>
<name>Small Computer System Interface (SCSI)</name>
<script></script>
</card>
card_22492.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
<text><span class="style23">The rate of </span><span class="style41">frequency</span><span class="style23"> at which sound is recorded, usually expressed in </span><span class="style41">kilohertz</span><span class="style23"> (KHz). The higher the sampling rate, the better quality of the recording.</span></text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>14</id>
<text>Sampling rate</text>
</content>
<name>Sampling rate</name>
<script></script>
</card>
card_20110.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
<text>Abbreviation for red-green-blue; a method of displaying color video by transmitting the three primary colors as separate signals. There are two kinds of using RGB monitors: computer monitors typically use TTL RGB which generates the color image using discrete values; televisions typically use analog RGB which generates the color image using a wide range of values.</text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>14</id>
<text>Red-Green-Blue (RGB)</text>
</content>
<name>Red-Green-Blue (RGB)</name>
<script></script>
</card>
card_11197.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
<text>The Real-Time Clock maintains time and date information, and contains the parameter RAM which stores information about specific system attributes. Two long-life lithium batteries provide enough power to maintain the RTC and parameter RAM when the computer is turned off.</text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>14</id>
<text>Real-Time Clock (RTC)</text>
</content>
<name>Real-Time Clock (RTC)</name>
<script></script>
</card>
card_19947.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
<text><span class="style23">When referring to a video monitor, resolution can be used to describe the display size by the number of </span><span class="style41">pixels</span><span class="style23">, or to describe the display clarity by the number of pixels or dots-per-inch (dpi). For example, some Macintosh monitors have a display size of 680 pixels horizontally and 480 pixel vertically, with 72 dpi.When referring to digitized sounds, resolution refers to the number of bits-per-sample. A sample is a portion of an </span><span class="style41">analog</span><span class="style23"> sound. The higher the resolution value, the higher the quality and fidelity of the digitized sound.</span></text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>14</id>
<text>Resolution</text>
</content>
<name>Resolution</name>
<script></script>
</card>
card_9334.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
<text><span class="style23">Memory whose contents can be read but not changed; typically used for storing </span><span class="style40"><a href="#" class="group">operating system</a></span><span class="style23"> instructions the computer uses for its basic operations. Information is placed into read-only memory during manufacture and remains there permanently, even when the computerΓÇÖs power is turned off. Storing system instructions in ROM allows the processor to have faster access to the instructions than if they were stored on a disk, and minimizes the size of system files that are stored on a disk.</span></text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>14</id>
<text>Read Only Memory (ROM)</text>
</content>
<name>Read Only Memory (ROM)</name>
<script></script>
</card>
card_19494.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
<text><span class="style24"></span><span class="style23">Also referred to as </span><span class="style40"><a href="#" class="group">dynamic random access memory (DRAM)</a></span><span class="style23">. A temporary storage medium for applications or data used during processing. A processor can access information stored in RAM faster than it can from a disk drive. Information in RAM can be accessed in an arbitrary or random order, hence the term random-access.The amount of RAM available and the speed at which it can be accessed affect processing performance and capability. Larger amounts and faster speeds provide higher performance and allow Macintosh users to run more applications under </span><span class="style41">MultiFinder</span><span class="style23">.</span></text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>14</id>
<text>Random Access Memory (RAM)</text>
</content>
<name>Random Access Memory (RAM)</name>
<script></script>
</card>
card_8783.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
<text><span class="style23">A serial communications port that supports connection of a </span><span class="style40"><a href="#" class="group">laser printer</a></span><span class="style23"> or network cabling. Networks enable users to share printers, </span><span class="style40"><a href="#" class="group">file server</a></span><span class="style23"> disk drives, applications, and files.The port supports the </span><span class="style40"><a href="#" class="group">AppleTalk Network System</a></span><span class="style23"> and accepts an 8-pin mini-circular connector, also known as an 8-pin mini-DIN connector.</span></text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>14</id>
<text>Printer/Network Port</text>
</content>
<name>Printer/Network Port</name>
<script></script>
</card>
card_19090.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
<text><span class="style23">A connector which allows the computer to transfer data to and/or from an external, or peripheral device, such as a hard drive or modem. For example, the Macintosh ports may include the </span><span class="style40"><a href="#" class="group">Apple Desktop Bus</a></span><span class="style23">, </span><span class="style41">SCSI</span><span class="style23">, </span><span class="style41">video</span><span class="style23">, </span><span class="style40"><a href="#" class="group">sound input</a></span><span class="style23">, </span><span class="style40"><a href="#" class="group">sound output</a></span><span class="style23">, </span><span class="style41">modem</span><span class="style23">, </span><span class="style40"><a href="#" class="group">printer/network</a></span><span class="style23">, external floppy drive, and an expansion card access port.</span></text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>14</id>
<text>Port</text>
</content>
<name>Port</name>
<script></script>
</card>
card_8649.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
<text><span class="style23">The Paged Memory Management Unit (PMMU) integrated into the 68030 processor allows an </span><span class="style40"><a href="#" class="group">operating system</a></span><span class="style23"> to quickly reconfigure the arrangement of memory without physically moving data, so that different tasks can be ΓÇ£swappedΓÇ¥ within the same space. The PMMU is required for </span><span class="style41">multitasking</span><span class="style23"> operating systems such as </span><span class="style40"><a href="#" class="group">A/UX</a></span><span class="style23">. The PMMU enables:ΓÇó </span><span class="style40"><a href="#" class="group">Virtual memory</a></span><span class="style23"> uses a portion of disk space to store information as if it were stored in </span><span class="style41">DRAM</span><span class="style23">ΓÇó Shared memory allows applications that are processing the same data to share the memory where that data is storedΓÇó Memory protection prevents applications running in a multitasking environment from being affected by errors or problems caused by another application</span></text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>14</id>
<text>Paged Memory Management Unit (PMMU)</text>
</content>
<name>Paged Memory Management Unit (PMMU)</name>
<script></script>
</card>
card_11484.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
<text><span class="style23">A contraction of the words ΓÇ£picture element.ΓÇ¥ A pixel is the smallest single element of the computer display screen. The smaller the pixel size, the sharper the picture will appear.With monochrome video monitors, a pixel is the visual representation of a single </span><span class="style41">bit</span><span class="style23"> (white if the bit is 0, black if it is 1). With color or gray-scale video monitors, each pixel on the screen is represented by several bits. For example, an 8-bit color display uses 8-bits for each pixel.</span></text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>14</id>
<text>Pixel</text>
</content>
<name>Pixel</name>
<script></script>
</card>
card_21896.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
<text><span class="style23">Internation Business Machine's (IBM) Operating System 2 for their PS/2 series of computers. One of its most publicized features is the inclusion of a graphical user interface called Presentation Manager. However, to use this</span><span class="style41"> </span><span class="style40"><a href="#" class="group">operating system</a></span><span class="style23"> the computer must have a minimum of 4 </span><span class="style41">MB</span><span class="style23"> of </span><span class="style41">RAM</span><span class="style23"> and other expensive hardware.</span></text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>14</id>
<text>OS/2</text>
</content>
<name>OS/2</name>
<script></script>
</card>
card_18924.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
<text><span class="style23">The combination of </span><span class="style41">ROM</span><span class="style23">-based and disk-based routines that together perform basic tasks such as starting the computer, moving data to and from disks and peripheral devices, and managing memory space in </span><span class="style41">RAM</span><span class="style23">.</span></text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>14</id>
<text>Operating System</text>
</content>
<name>Operating System</name>
<script></script>
</card>
card_8038.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
<text><span class="style23">An industry standard interface of </span><span class="style40"><a href="#" class="group">expansion cards</a></span><span class="style35"> </span><span class="style23">supporting monitors, internal modems, high-performance networks such as </span><span class="style41">Ethernet</span><span class="style23">, and other specialaized equipment. The NuBus interface operates 10 </span><span class="style41">MHz</span><span class="style23"> and provides a 32-bit address and data </span><span class="style41">bus</span><span class="style23">. NuBus expansion cards can be installed in any open expansion slot because they use ΓÇ£geographical-addressingΓÇ¥ instead of DIP switches and jumpers. NuBus cards contain their own </span><span class="style41">ROM</span><span class="style23">, and those with a processor can operate independently of the computerΓÇÖs main processor. </span></text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>14</id>
<text>NuBus Expansion Interface</text>
</content>
<name>NuBus Expansion Interface</name>
<script></script>
</card>
card_25294.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
<text><span class="style23">A </span><span class="style40"><a href="#" class="group">local area network</a></span><span class="style23"> developed by Sun Microsystems and compatible with Macintosh computers. NFS allows users to access files on remote systems using the </span><span class="style41">UNIX</span><span class="style23"> operating system.</span></text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>14</id>
<text>Network File System (NFS)</text>
</content>
<name>Network File System (NFS)</name>
<script></script>
</card>
card_7768.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
<text><span class="style23">A protocol is a set of conventions of rules between communication processes. In a network, functional divisions, or layers, of the network software ensure the complete transfer of information through network cabling, and the correct interpretation of that information by the receiving computer. Minimized interaction between the layers makes data transfer occur efficiently and allows any layer to be altered and improved without affecting or disrupting other layers, network services and support.The </span><span class="style40"><a href="#" class="group">AppleTalk Network System</a></span><span class="style23"> uses the seven-layer Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) reference model.</span></text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>14</id>
<text>Network Protocols</text>
</content>
<name>Network Protocols</name>
<script></script>
</card>
card_18636.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
<text><span class="style23">Characterizes a mode or ability of an </span><span class="style40"><a href="#" class="group">operating system</a></span><span class="style23"> to support several people using the same computer at once. Each user operates the shared computer from an individual personal computer, workstation computer, or terminal.</span></text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>14</id>
<text>Multi-user</text>
</content>
<name>Multi-user</name>
<script></script>
</card>
card_18362.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
<text><span class="style23">A process that allows a computer to perform two or more tasks during a given period of time; accomplished by alternating the actions of the computer between tasks. </span><span class="style40"><a href="#" class="group">Operating systems</a></span><span class="style23">, such as </span><span class="style40"><a href="#" class="group">A/UX</a></span><span class="style23"> and </span><span class="style41">MultiFinder</span><span class="style23">, allow you to open and run several applications at the same time. </span></text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>14</id>
<text>Multitasking</text>
</content>
<name>Multitasking</name>
<script></script>
</card>
card_18024.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
<text><span class="style23">A first-generation </span><span class="style41">multitasking</span><span class="style23">, </span><span class="style40"><a href="#" class="group">operating system</a></span><span class="style23"> for Macintosh computers that makes it possible to have several applications open at the same time, including applications that perform one task (in background) while the computer performs another (in foreground). Background processing can proceed without a userΓÇÿs attention. Foreground processing refers to the application currently being used.</span></text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>14</id>
<text>MultiFinder</text>
</content>
<name>MultiFinder</name>
<script></script>
</card>
card_17791.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
<text><span class="style23">The Microsoft Disk Operating System. This is the </span><span class="style40"><a href="#" class="group">operating system</a></span><span class="style23"> that is used with IBM and compatible microcomputers.</span></text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>14</id>
<text>MS-DOS</text>
</content>
<name>MS-DOS</name>
<script></script>
</card>
card_7575.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
<text><span class="style23">A serial communications </span><span class="style41">port</span><span class="style23"> on the back panel of Macintosh computers for devices such as an external modem or a serial printer such as an Apple ImageWriter.The port accepts an 8-pin mini-circular connector, also known as an 8-pin mini-DIN connector.</span></text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>14</id>
<text>Modem Port</text>
</content>
<name>Modem Port</name>
<script></script>
</card>
card_17506.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
<text><span class="style23">One million hertz, equivalent to one million clock cycles per second. One hertz is the unit of </span><span class="style41">frequency</span><span class="style23"> in which vibration or oscillation occurs within a specified number of cycles per second. Used to describe the </span><span class="style40"><a href="#" class="group">clock speed</a></span><span class="style23"> of a microprocessor.</span></text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>14</id>
<text>Megahertz (MHz)</text>
</content>
<name>Megahertz (MHz)</name>
<script></script>
</card>
card_17257.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
<text><span class="style23">A unit of measurement equal to 1,048,576 </span><span class="style41">bytes</span><span class="style23"> or 1024 </span><span class="style41">kilobytes</span><span class="style23">. The prefix ΓÇ£megaΓÇ¥ means one million, and is used frequently to mean 1024 multiplied by itself. The abbreviation MB is used for megabyte.</span></text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>14</id>
<text>Megabyte (MB)</text>
</content>
<name>Megabyte (MB)</name>
<script></script>
</card>
card_16914.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
<text><span class="style23">A unit of measurement equal to 1,048,576 </span><span class="style41">bits</span><span class="style23">, or 1024 kilobits. The prefix ΓÇ£megaΓÇ¥ means one million and frequently means 1024 multiplied by itself. The abbreviation Mbit is used for megabit. Not to be confused with </span><span class="style41">megabyte</span><span class="style23">.</span></text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>14</id>
<text>Megabit (Mbit)</text>
</content>
<name>Megabit (Mbit)</name>
<script></script>
</card>
card_16843.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
<text><span class="style23">The part of a computerΓÇÖs memory whose contents are directly accessible to the microprocessor; usually synonymous with </span><span class="style40"><a href="#" class="group">dynamic random-access memory (DRAM)</a></span><span class="style23">. Applications and information are loaded into main memory, where the computer keeps information during processing.</span></text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>14</id>
<text>Main memory</text>
</content>
<name>Main memory</name>
<script></script>
</card>
card_16614.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
<text><span class="style23">The primary circuit board in a computer. Tthe computerΓÇÿs basic components, such as </span><span class="style41">RAM</span><span class="style23">, </span><span class="style41">ROM</span><span class="style23">, the microprocessor, custom integrated circuits, built-in connectors, and other electrical hardware, are attached to the board using a variety of ΓÇ£mountingΓÇ¥ techniques. The mounting technique and positioning of the components contributes to the overall efficiency of the computerΓÇÿs processing performance, and the reliability of the equipment.</span></text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>14</id>
<text>Main logic board</text>
</content>
<name>Main logic board</name>
<script></script>
</card>
card_16182.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
<text><span class="style23">The next generation of the Macintosh </span><span class="style40"><a href="#" class="group">operating system</a></span><span class="style23">, it will be compatible within mixed environments of computers using previous versions of the the system and existing applications. Some features of System 7.0 include:ΓÇó Sound icons in the system folder which can be played, and manipulated through the Clipboard and ScrapbookΓÇó 32-bit processing and </span><span class="style40"><a href="#" class="group">virtual memory</a></span><span class="style23"> services when used with 68030-based computersΓÇó Outline fonts that allow a greater range of sizes and better appearance on screen and printed outputΓÇó Ability to share files without a </span><span class="style40"><a href="#" class="group">file server</a></span><span class="style23"> </span></text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>14</id>
<text>Macintosh System 7.0</text>
</content>
<name>Macintosh System 7.0</name>
<script></script>
</card>
card_14326.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
<text>A feature of the power on/off switch on newer models of modular Macintosh computers. The switch can be locked into the on position so that the computer can automatically restart itself (using the appropriate software) after a power interruption. </text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>14</id>
<text>Locking Power Switch</text>
</content>
<name>Locking Power Switch</name>
<script></script>
</card>
card_6931.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
<text><span class="style24"></span><span class="style23">The physical cables and connectors made by Apple for use with </span><span class="style40"><a href="#" class="group">AppleTalk Network System</a></span><span class="style23"> communications. The cable consists of shielded, twisted-pair wire with a data transfer rate of 230.4 </span><span class="style41">kilobits</span><span class="style23">-per-second (Kbps). This is much faster than serial communication rates achieved by modems on ordinary, voice-quality telephone lines; for example, 2400 baud is only 2.4 Kbps.</span></text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>14</id>
<text>LocalTalk</text>
</content>
<name>LocalTalk</name>
<script></script>
</card>
card_16085.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
<text><span class="style23">A group of computers connected for the purpose of sharing devices, sucha a </span><span class="style40"><a href="#" class="group">laser printer</a></span><span class="style23"> or </span><span class="style40"><a href="#" class="group">file server</a></span><span class="style23">. The computers on a </span><span class="style40"><a href="#" class="group">local area network</a></span><span class="style23"> are typically joined by a single transmission cable and are located within a small area such as a single building or section of a building. The </span><span class="style40"><a href="#" class="group">AppleTalk Network System</a></span><span class="style23"> is a LAN.</span></text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>14</id>
<text><span class="style23">ocal Area Network (LAN)</span><span class="style38"> </span></text>
</content>
<name>Local Area Network (LAN) </name>
<script></script>
</card>
card_15756.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
<text>A printer that uses laser light to transfer a page image (sent by a computer) onto an electrostatically charged, light-sensitive drum. A black powder called toner adheres to the areas of the drum where the laser has drawn the image. Paper then passes over the drum, picking up the toner, which is then heat-fused to the paper as it rolls out of the printer. The Apple LaserWriter IISC and LaserWriter IINTX are examples of laser printers. </text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>14</id>
<text>Laser printer</text>
</content>
<name>Laser printer</name>
<script></script>
</card>
card_25581.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
<text><span class="style23">A measurement of </span><span class="style41">frequency</span><span class="style23"> defined by the number of cycles (in thousands) occuring in one second.</span></text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>14</id>
<text>Kilohertz (KHz)</text>
</content>
<name>Kilohertz (KHz)</name>
<script></script>
</card>
card_15145.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
<text><span class="style23">A unit of measurement equal to 1,048,576 bits or 1024 bytes. The prefix ΓÇ£kiloΓÇ¥ means one thousand. For most microcomputers, a byte is equal to 8 bits. The abbreviation K can also stand for the number 1024, in which case K or KB is used for kilobyte. See also </span><span class="style41">byte</span><span class="style23">, </span><span class="style41">kilobit</span><span class="style23">, </span><span class="style41">megabyte</span><span class="style23">.</span></text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>14</id>
<text>Kilobyte (K or KB)</text>
</content>
<name>Kilobyte (K or KB)</name>
<script></script>
</card>
card_14918.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
<text><span class="style23">A unit of measurement equal to1024 </span><span class="style41">bits</span><span class="style23">. The prefix ΓÇ£kiloΓÇ¥ means one thousand. The abbreviation K can also stand for the number 1024, in which case Kbit is used for kilobit. Not to be confused with </span><span class="style41">kilobyte</span><span class="style23">.</span></text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>14</id>
<text>Kilobit (Kbit)</text>
</content>
<name>Kilobit (Kbit)</name>
<script></script>
</card>
card_14620.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
<text><span class="style23">Hardware and/or software that links the computer to a device and specifies how one component of a system communicates with another. For example, the </span><span class="style40"><a href="#" class="group">AppleTalk Network System</a></span><span class="style23"> is an integrated interface of the network software stored in the Macintosh </span><span class="style41">ROM</span><span class="style23"> and the built-in hardware connectors for network cabling.The word interface can also mean the point of communication between a person and a computer, such as the Macintosh graphical user interface. </span></text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>14</id>
<text>Interface</text>
</content>
<name>Interface</name>
<script></script>
</card>
card_14366.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
<text><span class="style23">A feature of the Macintosh</span><span class="style40"><a href="#" class="group"> operating system</a></span><span class="style23"> that allows documents and files to be opened without running the application first or specifying the pathname as is required by other operating systems such as </span><span class="style40"><a href="#" class="group">MS-DOS</a></span><span class="style23">. HFS also allows you to organize a diskΓÇÿs contents, such as your documents and applications, into folders (analogous to subdirectories). Folders can be nested within other folders to create a heirarchical organization.</span></text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>14</id>
<text>Heirarchical File System (HFS)</text>
</content>
<name>Heirarchical File System (HFS)</name>
<script></script>
</card>
card_14011.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
<text><span class="style23">A unit of measurement equal to 1024 megabytes. The prefix ΓÇ£gigaΓÇ¥ means one billion. See also </span><span class="style41">byte</span><span class="style23">, </span><span class="style41">kilobyte</span><span class="style23">, </span><span class="style41">megabyte</span><span class="style23">.</span></text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>14</id>
<text>Gigabyte</text>
</content>
<name>Gigabyte</name>
<script></script>
</card>
card_13670.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
<text><span class="style23">The number of complete clock cycles, or periodic pulses transmitted per second. Frequency is usually expressed in hertz (one cycle per second), </span><span class="style41">kilohertz</span><span class="style23"> (thousands of cycles per second), or </span><span class="style41">megahertz</span><span class="style23"> (millions of cycles per second). In microcomputers, frequency is expressed as </span><span class="style40"><a href="#" class="group">clock speed</a></span><span class="style23">.</span></text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>14</id>
<text>Frequency</text>
</content>
<name>Frequency</name>
<script></script>
</card>
card_6765.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
<text><span class="style23">A mathematical notation similar to scientific notation that manipulates a wide range of very large and very small numbers. This range is necessary for applications common to science, engineering, finance, and graphics.A computer with a floating-point unit (FPU) </span><span class="style41">coprocessor</span><span class="style23">, such as the 68882, can process numeric-intensive data more quickly than processors using fixed-point notations, thus improving overall system performance.</span></text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>14</id>
<text>Floating point arithmetic</text>
</content>
<name>Floating point arithmetic</name>
<script></script>
</card>
card_13408.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
<text><span class="style23">In a local area network, a specially equipped computer with a combination of controller software and a mass-storage device that allows sharing of files and applications. A Macintosh computer with one or more hard disks can be used as a file server with </span><span class="style41">AppleShare</span><span class="style23"> software and an </span><span class="style41">AppleTalk</span><span class="style23"> network.</span></text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>14</id>
<text>File server</text>
</content>
<name>File server</name>
<script></script>
</card>
card_6590.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
<text><span class="style23">A feature of high-speed </span><span class="style41">DRAM</span><span class="style23"> chips that permits faster reading and writing of information to memory than normal DRAM chips provide.DRAMs operating in fast-page mode support burst-mode access and latched writes. Burst-mode access allows a microprocessor to access more information in less time than normal-mode access. Latched writes allow the microprocessor to read information from memory while a memory controller stores information into memory components. These features help to significantly improve system performance if implemented.</span></text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>14</id>
<text>Fast-page mode</text>
</content>
<name>Fast-page mode</name>
<script></script>
</card>
card_13258.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
<text><span class="style23">A circuit board that implements specialized functions not otherwise supported by the computer. Expansion cards are installed into narrow sockets called an expansion connectors or slots that support a specific hardware </span><span class="style41">interface</span><span class="style23">, such as </span><span class="style41">NuBus</span><span class="style23">.</span></text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>14</id>
<text>Expansion card</text>
</content>
<name>Expansion card</name>
<script></script>
</card>
card_6257.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
<text><span class="style23">A high-speed </span><span class="style40"><a href="#" class="group">local area network</a></span><span class="style23"> that consists of cabling technology and communication protocols. Ethernet uses high-performance coaxial cables that transfer data at the rate of 10 </span><span class="style41">megabits</span><span class="style23">-per-second (Mbps). The </span><span class="style40"><a href="#" class="group">TCP/IP</a></span><span class="style23"> communication protocol, called EtherTalk, allows different computers to exchange information over a network. Ethernet cables can be used with </span><span class="style41">AppleTalk</span><span class="style23"> networks. Macintosh computers can be connected to Ethernet networks by installing an EtherTalk </span><span class="style40"><a href="#" class="group">expansion card</a></span><span class="style23">.Ethernet was developed by Digital Equipment Corporation, Intel Corporation, and Xerox Corporation. Ethernet is a registered trademark of Xerox Corporation.</span></text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>14</id>
<text>Ethernet</text>
</content>
<name>Ethernet</name>
<script></script>
</card>
card_24788.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
<text><span class="style23">A microphone which does not require a separate power source, but draws from the power supplied to the pre-amplifier circuitry to which it is connected. On Macintosh computers equipped with a </span><span class="style40"><a href="#" class="group">sound input port</a></span><span class="style23">, the microphone draws power from the sound input port connector.</span></text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>14</id>
<text>Electret microphone</text>
</content>
<name>Electret microphone</name>
<script></script>
</card>
card_9046.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
<text><span class="style23">A type of memory which uses the presence or absence of electrical charges to store information temporarily during processing. Dynamic memory is not able to retain its contents when there is no power, or for more than a few thousands of a second unless recharged periodically by a process called ΓÇ£refresh.ΓÇ¥ See also </span><span class="style40"><a href="#" class="group">Random Access Memory (RAM)</a></span><span class="style23">.</span></text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>14</id>
<text>Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM)</text>
</content>
<name>Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM)</name>
<script></script>
</card>
card_13039.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
<text><span class="style23">Software that manages the transfer of information between the computer and a peripheral device. Typically a driver is installed as part of a computer's </span><span class="style40"><a href="#" class="group">operating system</a></span><span class="style23">. On Macintosh computers, drivers are stored in the System Folder. Peripheral devices that require drivers include them with the equipment.</span></text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>14</id>
<text>Driver</text>
</content>
<name>Driver</name>
<script></script>
</card>
card_12329.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
<text><span class="style23">A representation of information or a physical condition based on discrete binary values or states, such as on/off, open/close, and true/false. These states are indicated by the binary values of zero (0) and one (1). By comparison, </span><span class="style41">analog</span><span class="style23"> representations use discrete values in a continuous sequence.</span></text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>14</id>
<text>Digital</text>
</content>
<name>Digital</name>
<script></script>
</card>
card_12139.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
<text><span class="style23">A colloquial term for a group of devices connected in a ΓÇ£chain.ΓÇ¥ The first device is connected to the computer, the second device is connected to the first, the third device is connected to the second, and so on. </span><span class="style40"><a href="#" class="group">Apple Desktop Bus (ADB)</a></span><span class="style23"> devices and peripheral </span><span class="style41">SCSI</span><span class="style23"> devices can be connected together by ΓÇ£daisy-chaining.ΓÇ¥</span></text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>14</id>
<text>Daisy Chain</text>
</content>
<name>Daisy Chain</name>
<script></script>
</card>
card_5900.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
<text><span class="style23">An coprocessor supplements the main processor by performing specific tasks. Although the main processor can perform a greater variety of tasks, performance may be slower due to the number of tasks.Coprocessors optimize overall processing speed by performing tasks such as</span><span class="style36"><a href="#" class="group"> </a></span><span class="style40"><a href="#" class="group">floating-point arithmetic</a></span><span class="style23"> computations for graphics and numerics-intensive calculations. Coprocessors also can provide alternative </span><span class="style40"><a href="#" class="group">operating systems</a></span><span class="style23">.</span></text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>14</id>
<text>Coprocessor</text>
</content>
<name>Coprocessor</name>
<script></script>
</card>
card_11983.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
<text>A desk accessory that lets you change the speaker volume, the keyboard repeat speed and delay, mouse tracking, color display, and other features related to system operation. The Control Panel uses icons to represent the settings related to specific devices, such as the video monitor. Each group of settings has a specific name, such as the Monitors Control Panel. The settings are stored in the system folder as files called Control Panel Devices (CDEVs).</text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>14</id>
<text>Control Panel</text>
</content>
<name>Control Panel</name>
<script></script>
</card>
card_24904.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
<text><span class="style23">A method of making something smaller, the amount of compression is expressed as a ratio comparing the size of the original item to the size of the compressed item. For example, </span><span class="style41">digital</span><span class="style23"> recordings of sounds can be compressed to minimize the amount of space required to store the recording. Compressed sounds have fewer bits-per-</span><span class="style41">sample</span><span class="style23">, however, and will have lower fidelity.</span></text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>14</id>
<text>Compression</text>
</content>
<name>Compression</name>
<script></script>
</card>
card_26530.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
<text>Integrated circuits (chips) that perform high-speed processing with low power-consumption. Unlike the chips typically used in microcomputers, CMOS chips require only three to fifteen volts of power and are less sensitive to power variations. This insensitivity allows them to work reliably without the expense of on-board regulation or a power supply with close tolerances.The Macintosh Portable uses CMOS circuitry, which helps to provide a longer battery life than would be possible with non-CMOS circuitry.</text>
<text><span class="style23">A frequency rating in </span><span class="style41">megahertz</span><span class="style23"> (MHz) that determines the rate of data transfer from one internal computer element to another.Clock speed is not necessarily indicative of processing speed, which is a function of data and address capacity. See also </span><span class="style40"><a href="#" class="group">32-bit addressing</a></span><span class="style23">.</span></text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>14</id>
<text>Clock Speed</text>
</content>
<name>Clock Speed</name>
<script></script>
</card>
card_7235.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
<text><span class="style23">Pronounced ΓÇ£cash,ΓÇ¥ a temporary, high-speed type of memory designated for a specific purpose. Caches store the most frequently used data or instructions and can be accessed faster than the main memory or a disk drive. The 68030 processor contains two internal caches of 256-bytes each for storage of data and instructions. Macintosh computers also can reserve a portion of the system </span><span class="style41">DRAM</span><span class="style23"> for a System RAM cache used by applications to store information recently retrieved from a disk drive. Users can set the size (from 32K to 256K) and enable or disable use of the Sytem RAM cache through the General </span><span class="style40"><a href="#" class="group">Control Panel</a></span><span class="style23">. </span></text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>14</id>
<text>Cache</text>
</content>
<name>Cache</name>
<script></script>
</card>
card_21096.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
<text>A unit of information consisting of a fixed number of bits, usually eight bits. As a unit, a byte can represent one character or two numerals.</text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>14</id>
<text>Byte</text>
</content>
<name>Byte</name>
<script></script>
</card>
card_5413.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
<text><span class="style23">A group of wires or circuits that transmit information from one part of a computer system to another, or in a network from one computer or device to another. Bus width determines the speed and amount of information that can be transmitted at one time. For example, a 32-</span><span class="style41">bit</span><span class="style23"> bus can transmit two times faster than a 16-bit bus, and can access 250-times more memory than a 24-bit bus.</span></text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>14</id>
<text>Bus</text>
</content>
<name>Bus</name>
<script></script>
</card>
card_3900.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
<text><span class="style23">A contraction of the words ΓÇ£binary digitΓÇ¥. The smallest unit of information that a computer can use. The value of a bit (1 or 0) represents a simple two-way choice, such as yes or no, on or off, positive or negative, something or nothing. On a monochrome monitor, one bit is equivalent to one </span><span class="style41">pixel</span><span class="style23"> and the value of the bit determines whether the pixel is black or white.</span></text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>14</id>
<text>Bit</text>
</content>
<name>Bit</name>
<script></script>
</card>
card_5284.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
<text><span class="style23">Apple A/UX is a complete implementation of the </span><span class="style41">UNIX</span><span class="style23"> operating system and:ΓÇó Fully implements AT&T System 2.2 including all AT&T utilities, libraries and filesΓÇó Complies with System V Interface Definition (SVID) and passes System V Verification Suites (SVVS)ΓÇó Complies with Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS) #151, and IEEE POSIX Draft 12 (1003.1)ΓÇó Incorporates Berkeley extensions (version 4.3), including signals, sockets, subnets, and domainsΓÇó Includes communications services such as </span><span class="style41">NFS</span><span class="style23"> 3.2, Yellow Pages, Berkeley Networking Services, </span><span class="style41">LocalTalk</span><span class="style23">, and facilities such as UUCP and CUΓÇó Supports XWindows (sold separately)</span></text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>14</id>
<text>A/UX</text>
</content>
<name>A/UX</name>
<script></script>
</card>
card_11709.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
<text><span class="style23">Application-Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs) are Apple custom chips mounted on the </span><span class="style40"><a href="#" class="group">main logic board</a></span><span class="style23">. Each ASIC integrates functions of other chips used in earlier Macintosh computers into a single chip. Using ASICs has several advantages:ΓÇó Provides the same functionality with fewer components and increases system reliabilityΓÇó Reduces the amount of space required for the main logic board inside the computerΓÇó Increases the amount of space available on the main logic board for other components and new functionalityΓÇó Enables faster performance by eliminating timing delays common in chip-to-chip communications</span></text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>14</id>
<text>Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs)</text>
</content>
<name>Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs)</name>
<script></script>
</card>
card_5051.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
<text><span class="style23">AppleTalk is a complete system of </span><span class="style40"><a href="#" class="group">network protocols</a></span><span class="style23"> with a layered organization contained in the Macintosh</span><span class="style35"> </span><span class="style41">ROMs</span><span class="style23">. AppleTalk allows new technology, protocols, and services to be added to the network system without disruption. And, because the network is self-configuring, users can add and remove devices by simply changing the cabling.Because of this modularity, AppleTalk can operate on many different kinds of cabling, such as </span><span class="style41">LocalTalk</span><span class="style23"> cabling, existing telephone lines, or high-performance cabling like </span><span class="style41">Ethernet</span><span class="style23">. Devices connected to </span><span class="style41">NuBus</span><span class="style23"> expansion cards also can use AppleTalk. </span></text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>14</id>
<text>AppleTalk Network System (ANS)</text>
</content>
<name>AppleTalk Network System (ANS)</name>
<script></script>
</card>
card_21483.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
<text><span class="style23">The Apple Sound Chips (ASCs) contain two 1K sound buffers (temporary storage memory) and can play a sound continuously from a sound file stored on disk while the processor runs another application. Two additional sound chips handle the filtering and amplification for the stereo </span><span class="style40"><a href="#" class="group">sound output port</a></span><span class="style23">.</span></text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>14</id>
<text>Apple Sound Chips (ASCs)</text>
</content>
<name>Apple Sound Chips (ASCs)</name>
<script></script>
</card>
card_22863.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
<text><span class="style23">Apple software that operates a</span><span class="style36"><a href="#" class="group"> </a></span><span class="style40"><a href="#" class="group">file server</a></span><span class="style23"> on an </span><span class="style41">AppleTalk</span><span class="style23"> network and allows network users to share applications and files stored on the server.</span></text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>14</id>
<text>AppleShare</text>
</content>
<name>AppleShare</name>
<script></script>
</card>
card_23420.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
<text><span class="style23">An application included with Macintosh computers that performs disk formating and file transfer for 3.5-inch disks used by Macintosh,</span><span class="style40"><a href="#" class="group"> MS-DOS</a></span><span class="style23">, </span><span class="style40"><a href="#" class="group">OS/2</a></span><span class="style23">, and ProDOS computers. AFE includes a basic file translator that converts word processed files into MacWrite compatible documents. AFE also supports other translators that can be purchased from third-party vendors.</span></text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>14</id>
<text>Apple File Exchange (AFE)</text>
</content>
<name>Apple File Exchange (AFE)</name>
<script></script>
</card>
card_4652.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
<text><span class="style23">An input-only serial communication </span><span class="style41">port</span><span class="style23"> that allows multiple devices such as a keyboard, mouse, digitizing pad, trackball, and bar-code reader, to be used at the same time. The actual number of ADB devices that can be connected depends on the total power requirements of the devices. Devices that have their own power supplies allow connection of more devices.The ADB port accepts 8-pin mini-circular connectors, also know as 8-pin mini-DIN connectors.</span></text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>14</id>
<text>Apple Desktop Bus (ADB)</text>
</content>
<name>Apple Desktop Bus (ADB)</name>
<script></script>
</card>
card_24571.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
<text><span class="style23">A special </span><span class="style40"><a href="#" class="group">adapter card</a></span><span class="style23"> for the Macintosh Civic that allows the computer to run applications designed to run on Apple IIe computers.</span></text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>14</id>
<text>Apple IIe Card</text>
</content>
<name>Apple IIe Card</name>
<script></script>
</card>
card_2346.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
<text><span class="style23">An analogous representation of physical conditions such as flow, temperature, position, voltage, or audio sound. Analog representations use discrete values in continuous measurements, such as a waveform. By comparison, </span><span class="style41">digital</span><span class="style23"> representations use discrete elements, such as the binary zero (0) and one (1), in a sampled sequence. Audio sounds recorded on magnetic tape or phonograph records are analog representations of the original sounds.</span></text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>14</id>
<text>Analog</text>
</content>
<name>Analog</name>
<script></script>
</card>
card_23195.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
<text><span class="style23">A specialized </span><span class="style40"><a href="#" class="group">expansion card</a></span><span class="style23"> used to connect other expansion cards to a computer. For example, the Macintosh IIsi uses an adapter card to install either a </span><span class="style41">NuBus</span><span class="style23"> or an </span><span class="style40"><a href="#" class="group">030 Direct Slot</a></span><span class="style23"> card.</span></text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>14</id>
<text>Adapter card</text>
</content>
<name>Adapter card</name>
<script></script>
</card>
card_4454.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
<text><span class="style24"></span><span class="style23">QuickDraw is a set of graphics procedures and routines stored in the Macintosh </span><span class="style41">ROMs</span><span class="style23">. QuickDraw uses a mathematical model to control every </span><span class="style41">pixel</span><span class="style23"> on the screen and for printed output. 32-</span><span class="style41">bit</span><span class="style23"> QuickDraw supports the display of over 16-million colors or 256-shades of gray on monitors connected a 24-bit video card. Only the first 24 bits are used for colors, the remaining bits are reserved for future use in video overlay and special video-effects applications.</span></text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>14</id>
<text>32-bit QuickDraw</text>
</content>
<name>32-bit QuickDraw</name>
<script></script>
</card>
card_4253.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
<text><span class="style24"></span><span class="style23">Refers to a processor's ability to process instructions and data and to transfer information using 32-</span><span class="style41">bits</span><span class="style23"> of information at one time.The 68000-series of microprocessors supports </span><span class="style40"><a href="#" class="group">32-bit processing</a></span><span class="style23"> but the Macintosh </span><span class="style40"><a href="#" class="group">operating system</a></span><span class="style23"> currently supports only </span><span class="style40"><a href="#" class="group">24-bit processing</a></span><span class="style23">. The </span><span class="style40"><a href="#" class="group">A/UX</a></span><span class="style23"> operating system already supports 32-bit processing. </span><span class="style40"><a href="#" class="group">Macintosh System 7.0</a></span><span class="style23"> will support 32-bit processing when it is released, as well as most existing applications that use 24-bit processing. </span></text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>14</id>
<text>32-bit clean</text>
</content>
<name>32-bit clean</name>
<script></script>
</card>
card_22751.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
<text><span class="style23">A microprocessor can be described by the architecture of its internal and external structures, particularly with regard to the number and width of its buses and registers (an internal temporary memory device). Width is defined by the number of </span><span class="style41">bits</span><span class="style23"> the </span><span class="style41">bus</span><span class="style23"> or register can accommodate at one time. For example, the address and data buses of the 68030 microprocessor are both 32-bits wide and allow access to 4.3 billion memory addresses, using registers that can store 32-bits of information. This capacity helps make the Macintosh high-resolution graphic displays respond very quickly, and enhances overall system performance.</span></text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>14</id>
<text>32-bit architecture</text>
</content>
<name>32-bit architecture</name>
<script></script>
</card>
card_3055.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
<text><span class="style24"></span><span class="style23">An address is a number or group of characters that indentifies a register, the location of a single </span><span class="style41">byte</span><span class="style23"> of memory, a particular part of storage, or some other data source or destination. The addressing capacity of a microprocessor is determined by the number of address lines it maintains. The number of address lines determines the number of memory locations. A higher number of address lines helps the processor to store and retrieve information more quickly.For example, the 68030 processor maintains 32 address lines and is capable of using addresses consisting of up to 32-bits. This capacity supports up to four </span><span class="style41">gigabytes</span><span class="style23"> of </span><span class="style40"><a href="#" class="group">virtual memory</a></span><span class="style23"> space and more than eight </span><span class="style41">megabytes</span><span class="style23"> of </span><span class="style40"><a href="#" class="group">random access memory</a></span><span class="style23">. </span></text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>8</id>
<text>Card 5 of 87</text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>5</id>
<highlight> <true /> </highlight>
</content>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>14</id>
<text>32-bit addressing</text>
</content>
<name>32-bit addressing</name>
<script></script>
</card>
card_21712.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
<text><span class="style23">An address is a number or group of characters that indentifies a register, the location of a single </span><span class="style41">byte</span><span class="style23"> of memory, a particular part of storage, or some other data source or destination. The addressing capacity of a microprocessor is determined by the number of address lines it maintains. The number of address lines determines the number of memory locations. A higher number of address lines helps the processor to store and retrieve information more quickly.For example, the 68020 processor maintains 24 address lines and is capable of using addresses consisting of up to 24-bits.</span></text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>14</id>
<text>24-bit addressing</text>
</content>
<name>24-bit addressing</name>
<script></script>
</card>
card_22049.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
<text><span class="style23">The 030 Direct Slot provides a balanced architecture for high-performance expansion cards. The 32-bit expansion slot operates at 20 </span><span class="style41">MHz</span><span class="style23"> and provides full access to the ROM routines.</span></text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>14</id>
<text>030 Direct Slot Expansion Interface</text>
</content>
<name>030 Direct Slot Expansion Interface</name>
<script></script>
</card>
card_24050.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >